英字新聞を読むには各単語の形式を知ることが大事！
英語を勉強し始めたばかりの段階だと、教材と違って英字新聞を読むのはかなり難しいと思います。それぞれの新聞が独自の書き方をもっていたりもするので。なので、僕が補足をつけながら、英字新聞を読むのお手伝いしようと思います。教材の文法には慣れたけど英字新聞はまだ苦手という、初級ー中級あたりの人用の解説です。
何回も言いますが、新聞を読むためには各々の単語が名詞（noun）なのか、形容詞（adjective）なのか、副詞（adverb）なのかがめちゃくちゃ大事になってきます！文法はほんっっっっっっとうに大事です！！！一緒に一つずつやっていきましょう！僕の勉強がわりにもなっているので、僕が知っていることは飛ばしていたりします。なので、何かわからないことがあれば気軽にコメントください。できるだけ答えます！よろしくお願いします 😉
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まずはざっと読んでみてください。
難易度は★★★★☆です！
読み終わったら、下の単語の解説と照らし合わせながら読んでいってみてください！よろしくです 😉
それでは英字新聞 読解スタートです！
Viewpoint: How creativity is helped by failure
When it comes to creating a great work of art, practice makes perfect, writes Matthew Syed.
A design college in the United States has just started a new exhibition about creativity, which will run till January. It is called “Permission to Fail”. The curator asked a group of 50 prestigious designers and illustrators to send in their mess-ups, rough drafts and preliminary sketches so that they could be put on display.
Now, this may seem like an odd thing to do. Most exhibitions are all about the finished product, the pristine new car design, perhaps, or the flawless painting. But the college, called Mount Ida in Massachusetts, wanted its students to engage not with the finished article, but what happened beforehand. They wanted to reach into the true characteristics of how creativity happens.
A quick story. In their book Art and Fear, David Bayles and Ted Orland tell of a ceramics teacher who announced on the opening day of class that he was dividing the students into two groups. Half were told that they would be graded on quantity. On the final day of term, the teacher said he’d come to class with some scales and weigh the pots they had made. They would get an “A” for 50lb of pots, a “B” for 40lb, and so on. The other half would be graded on quality. They just had to bring along their one, pristine, perfectly designed pot.
prestigious (adjective)
Cambridge Dictionary によると ” very much respected and admired, usually because of being important: “という風に記載されています。
例文：
a prestigious university
a prestigious school/institution/literary prize
preliminary (adjective)
Cambridge Dictionary によると ” coming before a more important action or event, especially introducing or preparing for it: “という風に記載されています。
例文：
We’ve decided to change the design based on our preliminary findings.
a preliminary hearing/discussion/analysis/proposal/agreement
To grade (verb)
Cambridge Dictionary によると ” to judge and give a mark to a student, exam, etc.: “という風に記載されています。
例文：
The essays were graded on clarity of expression.
The teachers did not grade their own students’ papers.
bring along (phrasal verb)
Macmillan Dictionary によると ” to take someone or something with you when you go somewhere “という風に記載されています。
例文：
Can I bring a friend along to the party?
They are expected to bring along enough school work to keep themselves busy.
The results were emphatic – the works of highest quality, the most beautiful and creative designs, were all produced by the group graded for quantity. As Bayles and Orland put it: “It seems that while the ‘quantity’ group was busily churning out piles of work – and learning from their mistakes – the ‘quality’ group had sat theorising about perfection, and in the end had little more to show for their efforts than grandiose theories and a pile of dead clay.”
This turns out to be a profound metaphor. The British inventor James Dyson didn’t create the dual cyclone vacuum cleaner in a flash of inspiration. The product, now used by millions, didn’t emerge fully formed in his mind. Instead, he did what the group graded for quantity did. He tried and failed, triggering new insights, before trying and failing again – and slowly the design improved.
In fact, Dyson worked his way through 5,126 failed prototypes before coming up with a design that ultimately transformed household cleaning. As he put it: “People think of creativity as a mystical process. This model conceives of innovation as something that happens to geniuses. But this could not be more wrong. Creativity is something we can all improve at, by realising that it has specific characteristics. Above all, it is about daring to learn from our mistakes”.
emphatic (adjective)
Macmillan Dictionary によると ” said or shown in a very strong clear way “という風に記載されていますね。
例文：
He refused my offer with an emphatic shake of the head.
He emphatically denied the rumors.
an emphatic win/victory/defeat
Poland reached the final of the championship yesterday with an emphatic 5–0 victory over Italy.
churn sth out (phrasal verb)
Macmillan Dictionary によると ” to produce something in large quantities quickly and often carelessly “という風に記載されていますね。
例文：
The factory churns out thousands of pairs of these shoes every week.
She churns out a new best-selling novel every year.
He churns out a blockbuster film once a year.
To theorize (verb)
Macmillan Dictionary によると ” to develop ideas to explain something “という風に記載されています。
例文：
It’s easy to theorize about what might have happened.
grandiose (adjective)
Cambridge Dictionary によると ” larger and containing more detail than necessary, or intended to seem important or great: “という風に記載されています。
例文：
grandiose schemes/designs/ideas for making money
a grandiose building
profound (adjecitve)
Cambridge Dictionary によると ” very great “という風に記載されていますね。
例文：
a profound change in the climate of the Earth
The difference between the beginners and the intermediate class was profound.
My grandfather’s death had a profound effect on my father.
in a flash (phrase)
Cambridge Dictionary によると ” quickly or suddenly: “という風に記載されていますね。
例文：
The ceremony was over in a flash.
The answer came to her in a flash.
She was at his side in a flash.
insight (noun)
Cambridge Dictionary によると ” (the ability to have) a clear, deep, and sometimes sudden understanding of a complicated problem or situation: “という風に記載されていますね。
例文：
It was an interesting book, full of fascinating insights into human relationships.
The research should provide valuable insight into the nature of this complex organization.
I got more insights about him from reading his books than from talking to him.
as someone puts it (phrase)
Macmillan Dictionary によると ” used for giving the exact words that someone uses “という風に記載されていますね。
例文：
As John put it, ‘Life would be nice if we didn’t have to work’.
We’re going to have to work very hard, but as Chris so succinctly put it, there’s no gain without pain.
To conceive (verb)
Macmillan Dictionary によると ” to think of something such as a new idea, plan, or design “という風に記載されていますね。
例文：
I think my uncle still conceives of me as a four-year-old.
The exhibition was originally conceived as a tribute to Scott’s family
To dare (verb)
Macmillan Dictionary によると ” if you dare to do something, you are not afraid to do it, even though it may be dangerous or shocking or may cause trouble for you “という風に記載されていますね。
例文：
Andrei Sakharov was one of the few people who dared to protest.
Everyone in the office complains that he smells awful, but nobody dares (to) mention it to him.
Do you dare (to) tell him the news?
Or take Pixar, an animation company that has become synonymous with creativity following its blockbuster successes with Toy Story, Finding Nemo and Monsters Inc. It might be supposed that these wonderful plots were put together by resident geniuses with sublime imaginations. But the reality is very different. The initial ideas for new storylines are just the starting point, like Dyson’s initial prototype. It is what happens next that really matters.
The storyline is systematically pulled apart. As the animation gets into operation, each frame, each strand of the narrative, is subject to testing, debate and adaptation. All told, it takes around 12,000 storyboard drawings to make one 90-minute feature, and because of the iterative process, story teams often create more than 125,000 storyboards by the time the film is actually delivered.
“all told”という表現は、 「全部で / 合計で/ 総計で/ すべてを合わせると」 などいう意味になります。 また、数の合計を表すだけではなく、 「全体として/ 全体から見ると/ 全てを考慮に入れると」 などという意味で用いることもできます。
synonymous (adjective)
Macmillan Dictionary によると ” if one person, thing, or idea is synonymous with another, there is an extremely close connection between them, so that you cannot think of one without also thinking of the other “という風に記載されていますね。
例文：
wines, cheeses, and other products that have become synonymous with France
The name of Alfred Hitchcock is synonymous with movie thrillers.
blockbuster (noun)
Macmillan Dictionary によると ” something that is very successful, especially a film, show, or novel “という風に記載されていますね。
例文：
the latest Hollywood blockbuster
a blockbuster movie/novel
We all felt the movie was a potential blockbuster.
resident (adverb)
Macmillan Dictionary によると ” in a way that is good enough or large enough for a particular purpose “という風に記載されていますね。
例文：
Words cannot adequately express just how grateful we are.
While some patients can be adequately cared for at home, others are best served by care in a hospital.
resident (adjective)
Macmillan Dictionary によると ” working regularly in a particular place “という風に記載されていますね。
例文：
resident musicians
She is the university’s resident expert on Italian literature.
sublime (adjective)
Cambridge Dictionary によると ” extremely good or beautiful “という風に記載されていますね。文学的な表現です。
例文：
Sublime music filled the air.
He possesses sublime self-confidence.
sublime food/scenery
strand (noun)
Cambridge Dictionary によると ” a part that combines with other parts to form a whole story, subject, or situation: “という風に記載されていますね。
例文：
There are so many different strands to the plot that it’s hard to follow.
be subject to sth (phrase)
Macmillan Dictionary によると ” to have or experience a particular thing, especially something unpleasant: “という風に記載されていますね。
例文：
Cars are subject to a high domestic tax.
In recent years, she has been subject to attacks of depression.
All train times are subject to change in bad weather conditions.
adaptation (noun)
Macmillan Dictionary によると ” a film, TV programme etc that has been made from a book or play “と、 ” the process of changing something so that it can be used for a different purpose “という風に記載されていますね。adaptionも同じ意味です。
例文：
The television adaptation of the stage play was very successful.
They specialize in the adaptation of industrial buildings for housing.
Last year he starred in the film adaptation of Bill Cronshaw’s best-selling novel.
The movie was an adaptation of a novel.
iterative (adjective) / iteration (noun)
Macmillan Dictionary によると ” doing something again and again, usually to improve it: “という風に記載されていますね。
例文：
iterative processes
the repetition and iteration that goes on in designing something
The software is on its fifth iteration.
As Ed Catmull, the president of Pixar, put it: “Early on, all of our movies suck. That’s a blunt assessment, I know, but I… choose that phrasing because saying it in a softer way fails to convey how bad the first versions of our films really are. I’m not trying to be modest or self-effacing by saying this. Pixar films are not good at first, and our job is to make them go… from suck to non-suck. We are true believers in the iterative process – reworking, reworking and reworking again, until a flawed story finds its throughline or a hollow character finds its soul.”
The problem in the world today is that we only see the final product – the amazing movie, the super-efficient vacuum cleaner, the vogue theory. What we don’t see is the deeper story of how these innovations emerge. The tales we tell about creativity overlook this, too. We think of Archimedes shouting “eureka” or Newton being hit on the head by the apple and instantaneously inventing the theory of gravity.
Archimedes / アルキメデスは、古代ギリシアの数学者、物理学者、技術者、発明家、天文学者のことです。
To suck (verb)
Cambridge Dictionary によると ” extremely good or beautiful “という風に記載されていますね。文学的な表現です。
例文：
If your job really sucks, leave it.
‘My mum says I have to clean the garage.’ ‘That sucks.’
Man, this job sucks!
While my brother was sick, I had to do all of his chores and it sucked.
blunt (adjective)
Macmillan Dictionary によると ” saying what is true or what you think, even if this offends or upsets people “と、” not pointed or sharp “という風に記載されていますね。
例文：
It was a frank answer to a blunt question.
I’ll be blunt – that last piece of work you did was terrible.
Let’s be blunt – younger people will not buy this car.
a blunt pencil/razor
assessment (noun)
Cambridge Dictionary によると ” the process of making a judgment or forming an opinion, after considering something or someone carefully “という風に記載されていますね。
例文：
Both their assessments of production costs were hopelessly inaccurate.
They have asked for an independent safety assessment of the factory.
Students undergo an initial assessment to determine their placement in the programme.
Students must complete the assessment by this date.
self-effacing (adjective)
Macmillan Dictionary によると ” a self-effacing person does not want to be noticed by other people and tends not to talk about their abilities or achievements “という風に記載されていますね。文学的な表現です。
例文：
The captain was typically self-effacing when questioned about the team’s successes, giving credit to the other players.
flawed (adjecitve)
Cambridge Dictionary によると ” not perfect, or containing mistakes: “という風に記載されていますね。
例文：
Diamonds are still valuable, even when they are flawed.
His argument is deeply flawed.
flawed beauty
The system is not just broken but fundamentally flawed.
The current healthcare system is seriously flawed.
hollow (noun)
Cambridge Dictionary によると ” having a hole or empty space inside: “と、” (of situations, feelings, or words) lacking value; not true or sincere: “という風に記載されていますね。
例文：
Even sex had become a hollow pleasure.
The tree trunk was completely hollow.
hollow chocolate eggs
a hollow victory
hollow promises
a hollow tube
Hollow blocks are used because they are lighter.
a hollow log
vogue (noun)
Macmillan Dictionary によると ” something that is popular or fashionable “という風に記載されていますね。
例文：
In the 1920s, short hair for women became the vogue.
“Community” is one of the vogue words of the new government.
But these stories are pure fiction. They get the direction of creativity the wrong way around. Insight is the endpoint of a long term, iterative process, rather than the starting point. As the neuroscientist David Eagleman puts it in The Secret Lives of the Brain: “When an idea is served up from behind the scenes, the neural circuitry has been working on the problems for hours or days or years, consolidating information and trying out new combinations. But you merely take credit without further wonderment at the vast, hidden political machinery behind the scenes.”
neuroscientist は、神経科学者です。
neural circuitryは、神経回路です。
machinery は、機械です。
And this is precisely why the design college was so keen to exhibit the failures and wrong turns. This couldn’t be of deeper significance, because unless we truly understand how creativity happens, it will remain elusive. Youngsters who are taught to think about failure in a more positive light not only become more creative, but more resilient, too. They regard their mess-ups not as reasons to give up, but as intriguing and educative. They engage with these failures, learn from them, and, by implication, develop new insights, and ever deeper curiosity.
“Dare to fail” is a powerful slogan. It doesn’t mean we should aim at failure – rather it hints at the paradox that creativity is a journey that involves taking wrong turns along the way. Organisations like Google, Apple, Dyson and Pixar have developed cultures that, in their different ways, create the conditions for empowering failure. They have become living ecosystems of the imagination, fired by the courage to test ideas, to see their flaws, and to be triggered into new associations and insights.
paradox は、逆説です。
As Andrew Stanton, director of Finding Nemo and WALL-E, put it: “My strategy has always been: be wrong as fast as we can… which basically means, we’re gonna screw up, let’s just admit that. Let’s not be afraid of that. You can’t get to adulthood before you go through puberty. I won’t get it right the first time, but I will get it wrong really soon, really quickly.”
the wrong way round (phrase)
Cambridge Dictionary によると ” with one part or side in the position where the other part or side should be “という風に記載されていますね。
例文：
She was wearing her top the wrong way round.
He’d stuck the picture onto the page the wrong way round.
insight (noun)
Macmillan Dictionary によると ” a chance to understand something or learn more about it “と、” the ability to notice and understand a lot about people or situations “という風に記載されていますね。
例文：
Children can sometimes show quite remarkable insight.
I got more insights about him from reading his books than from talking to him.
The research should provide valuable insight into the nature of this complex organization.
It was an interesting book, full of fascinating insights into human relationships.
endpoint (noun)
Cambridge Dictionary によると ” the end of something or something that you are trying to achieve: “という風に記載されていますね。
例文：
I don’t feel like I’m at an endpoint or even at a midpoint in my career.
We don’t always need to reach an endpoint in a lesson.
To consolidate (verb)
Cambridge Dictionary によると ” to become, or cause something to become, stronger, and more certain: “という風に記載されていますね。
例文：
She hoped that marriage would consolidate their relationship.
The president is trying to consolidate support for his proposal.
credit (noun)
Cambridge Dictionary によると ” praise, approval, or honour: “という風に記載されていますね。
wonderment (noun)
Cambridge Dictionary によると ” great and pleasant surprise: “という風に記載されていますね。
例文：
The children watched in wonderment as the circus began.
He listened with quiet wonderment as his grandfather told him of his life in the circus.
precisely (adverb)
Macmillan Dictionary によると ” exactly “という風に記載されていますね。
例文：
He knows precisely what we want.
The fireworks begin at eight o’clock precisely.
significance (noun)
Cambridge Dictionary によると ” importance: “という風に記載されていますね。
例文：
The discovery of the new drug is of great significance for/to people suffering from heart problems.
elusive (adjective)
Macmillan Dictionary によると ” an elusive person or animal is difficult or impossible to find or catch “という風に記載されていますね。
例文：
a rare and elusive bird
The answers to these questions remain as elusive as ever.
Success, however, remained elusive for her.
intriguing (adjective)
Cambridge Dictionary によると ” very interesting because of being unusual or mysterious: “という風に記載されていますね。
例文：
an intriguing subject for future research
an intriguing possibility/question
She has a really intriguing personality.
implication (noun)
Macmillan Dictionary によると ” an occasion when you seem to suggest something without saying it directly: “という風に記載されていますね。
例文：
From what she said, the implication was that they were splitting up.
She accused the party and, by implication, its leader too.
screw up (phrase)
Macmillan Dictionary によると ” to make a serious mistake, or to spoil something, especially a situation “と、” to make someone feel so upset or confused that their whole personality is affected, often permanently “という風に記載されていますね。インフォーマルな表現です。
例文：
I really screwed up this time, didn’t I?
You couldn’t screw up much worse than I did.
He made a bad decision that screwed up his entire life.
Divorce doesn’t have to screw your children up.
puberty (noun)
Macmillan Dictionary によると ” the stage of development when a child changes physically into an adult “という風に記載されていますね。
例文：
At puberty, pubic hair develops and girls begin to menstruate.
最後に、内容が理解でき、新しい単語も知ることができたら、必ずCambridge Dictionaryか、Macmillan Dictionaryで例文を読むようにしてください。そして一番シンプルで、自分が日常使いしときやすそうなもをノートやスマホに書き溜めておいてください。そしてこれを移動中の時などに声に出して覚えることが本当に大事です！（電車では難しいので、僕はよく歩きますw）
これをしないと全然伸びていきません！
それではまた明日も更新していきます！
一緒に英語頑張りましょう！
また、英字新聞を読むメリットを僕なりにまとめましたので、時間がある方はこちらもみてみてくださいね！↓